The effect of inhaling mother’s breast milk odor on the behavioral responses to pain caused by hepatitis B vaccine in preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract Background Nowadays, it is generally assumed that non-pharmacologic pain relief in preterm infants an important measure to consider. Research findings suggest familiar odors have soothing effects for neonates. The aim of this study was compare the effect maternal breast milk odor (MBMO) with another mother’s (BMO) on behavioral responses caused by hepatitis B (HB) vaccine injection infants. Methods This single-blind randomized clinical trial performed over period between February 2019 and March 2020 neonatal intensive care unit Babol Rouhani Hospital, Iran. Ninety infants, who were supposed receive their HB vaccine, randomly assigned into three groups: MBMO (A), BMO (B), control distilled water(C). Oxygen saturation (SaO2), blood pressure (BP) heart rate (HR) recorded all participants through electronic monitoring. In addition, premature infant profiles (PIPP) determined video recording groups during intervention. chi-square, ANOVA ANCOVA used analyzing data, P < 0.05 considered significant study. Results No differences found mean ± SD HR, BP, Sao2 before intervention ( > 0.05). After intervention, however, means A, B, C 146 14.3, 153 17.5 155 17.7, respectively = 0.012). Moreover, PIPP scores 6.6 1.3, 10 2, 11.4 1.9, 0.001). There no difference SaO2, systolic diastolic after Conclusions results indicate stimulation effective reducing infants; therefore, can be postulated technique less invasive procedures such as needling. Trial registration IRCT, IRCT20190220042771N1 . Registered 18 May 2019- Retrospectively registered,